The French Indologist Madeleine Biardeau describes religious use of the word Iḍā as reference to an "oblatory substance consumed by the participants from which comes all fecundity of the sacrifice". Alf Hiltebeitel, George Washington University professor of religion, suggests that the Sanskrit name Iravan or Iravant is derived from Iḍā-vant, "one who possessed Iḍā". In turn, the root Iravat is derived from Irā (इरा)-closely linked with Iḍā (इडा)-meaning "possessing food", "endowed with provisions" or, by extension, "comfortable" (as used in the Mahabharata and the Rig and Atharva vedic scriptures). These stories are told through the medium of traditional Javanese theatre ( Wayang), especially in shadow-puppet plays known as Wayang Kulit.Īccording to the Monier Williams Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1899), the name Iravan ( Sanskrit: इरावान्, Irāvān), also spelt Irawan, is formed from the root Iravat (इरावत्, Irāvat), also spelt Irawat. Separate Javanese traditions present a dramatic marriage of Irawan to Titisari, daughter of Krishna, and a death resulting from a case of mistaken identity. An independent set of traditions have developed around Irawan on the main island of Java where, for example, he loses his association with the Naga. Iravan is also known in Indonesia (where his name is spelled Irawan). Aravan is worshipped in the form of his severed head and is believed to cure disease and induce pregnancy in childless women.
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Often it is a portable wooden head sometimes it even has its own shrine in the temple complex or is placed on the corners of temple roofs as a guardian against spirits. The head of Aravan is a common motif in Draupadi temples. In another 18-day festival, the ceremonial head of Aravan is hoisted on a post to witness the ritual re-enactment of the Mahabharata war. The Draupadi tradition emphasizes another boon: Krishna allows Aravan to witness the entire duration of the Mahabharata war through the eyes of his severed head. In Koovagam (கூவாகம்), Tamil Nadu, this incident is re-enacted in an 18-day festival, first by a ceremonial marriage of Aravan to ThiruNangais and male villagers (who have taken vows to Aravan) and then by their widowhood after ritual re-enactment of Aravan's sacrifice. Krishna satisfied this boon in his female form, Mohini.
Aravan requested that he be married before his death. The Kuttantavar tradition focuses on one of the three boons granted to Aravan by the god Krishna in honour of this self-sacrifice. However, the South Indian traditions have a supplementary practice of honouring Aravan's self-sacrifice to the goddess Kali to ensure her favour and the victory of the Pandavas in the war. The Mahabharata portrays Iravan as dying a heroic death in the 18-day Kurukshetra War (Mahabharata war), the epic's main subject. He is also a patron god of well-known transgender communities called ThiruNangai (also Aravani in Tamil, and Hijra throughout South Asia). Both these cults are of Tamil origin, from a region of the country where he is worshipped as a village deity and is known as Aravan. The son of Pandava prince Arjuna (one of the main heroes of the Mahabharata) and the Naga princess Ulupi, Iravan is the central deity of the tradition of Kuttandavar which is also the name commonly given to him in that tradition-and plays a major role in the tradition of Draupadi. Iravan also known as Iravat and Iravant, is a minor character from the Hindu epic Mahabharata. A cobra hood is sheltering Aravan's head. Aravan worshipped at Sri Mariamman Temple, Singapore.
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